Cretaceous Period

The end of the Cretaceous Period saw one of the most dramatic mass extinctions Earth has ever seen. The fossil record shows that for the first 175 million years of their existence, dinosaurs took on a huge variety of forms as the environment changed, and new species evolved that were suited to these new conditions. Dinosaurs that failed to adapt went extinct. But then 66 million years ago, over a relatively short time, dinosaurs disappeared completely. Many other animals also died out, including pterosaurs, large marine reptiles, and ammonites. Although the number of dinosaur species was already declining, this suggests a sudden catastrophic event sealed their fate - something that caused unfavourable changes to the environment to occur more quickly than dinosaurs and other creatures could adapt. The exact nature of this catastrophic event is still open to scientific debate. Evidence suggests an asteroid impact was the main culprit. Volcanic eruptions that caused large-scale climate change may also have been involved, together with more gradual changes to Earth's climate that happened over millions of years. Whatever the causes, the huge extinction that ended the age of the dinosaurs left gaps in ecosystems around the world.