Ageing Australia

In 2005, Japan had the highest median age of all countries in the world, while Australia's population was only moderately aged. Some 50 years ago, the demographic situation was quite different, with the median age of Australia's population being seven years older than Japan's. The aging of the population is a major issue for Australian policymakers, particularly in regard to the long-term implications for reduced economic growth and the increased demand for Age Pensions, and health and aged care services. As the population ages, growth in the number of people of working age will slow, while the proportion of people of retirement age will increase. Sustained population aging also leads to slowing or negative population growth. While declining population growth in developed countries is welcomed by some environmentalists and social scientists, economists tend to agree that population decline brings gloomy economic prospects. In addition to the decrease in the labor supply, the demand side of the economy may be affected by shrinking markets for goods and services. How quickly this occurs depends on the dynamics of fertility, mortality, and overseas migration. While a moderate pace of demographic change allows for gradual adjustment of the economy and policies to the changing population demographics, rapid changes are more difficult to manage. As a result, governments and society as a whole may need to take actions to address these issues. But how severe is the aging of Australia's population, relative to other countries? One way of applying a degree of perspective to the aging debate is to compare aging in Australia with that of other countries. This article examines the population structures in Australia and Japan and the demographic forces that shape their respective populations, both historically and projections for the future.