Pattern Recognition

In a study conducted in Tübingen, Germany, chess experts and novices were shown geometric objects and chess positions and were later asked to identify each one of them. Their reaction times and brain activity were closely monitored with the use of functional MRI scans. In the first part, which was recognizing the geometric objects, results revealed that the subjects' performance didn't show any dissimilarities, which implied that the experts' visualization skills are no better than the amateurs'. However, during the identification of the chess position, the experts were seen to have performed significantly faster and better. Because the researchers geared toward an element of a study previously conducted on pattern and object recognition by chess experts, they had anticipated noticing areas of the left hemisphere of the experts' brains (involved in object recognition) to be more reactive when they performed the tasks. However, the reaction times of the subjects were virtually identical. The very thing that sets the experts apart from the amateurs is that the former's right brain hemispheres (involved in pattern recognition) were seen to have also lit up during the activity. Therefore, both sides of the experts' brains were active, processing information in two places simultaneously. The researchers added that when they showed the chess diagrams to the subjects, they observed that the amateurs relied on looking at the pieces intently to be able to recognize them, whereas the experts merely relied on their peripheral vision and looked across the boards.