#13000487Summarize Spoken TextAcademicMedium

Blood Types

Official Question Material
Prep: Varies

Official Audio Prompt

"Blood types are inherited, just like you inherit your eye color, or your hair texture, so you get a gene from each parent, and that determines what the child's blood type is gonna be." "There's sort for blood types?" "There is, there is A, type A, type B, type AB, and type O. The only difference is what sugar molecule is added to that point. There are some studies that show that the reason that A, B, O, and AB have been distributed the way they were was because of forces that they think of primarily connected to the organism that causes malaria. It turned out to be that people who had type O were actually able to survive an attack of malaria. It appeared that malaria organism was more readily able to attach to red cells that were type A or type B, and actually kill those patients before they have a chance to reproduce. Those people who had type O actually would get sick, but wouldn't die, and had an opportunity to reproduce, and that's how the gene goes forward. And then, if you look at a map of where malaria is now and where the different peoples are, you can see that the type O was followed, there is where there's malaria, A and B has gone to colder climates where malaria wasn't a problem, and then AB was just, you know, combination of the races."

Sample Answer & Audio Transcript

"Blood types are inherited, just like you inherit your eye color, or your hair texture, so you get a gene from each parent, and that determines what the child's blood type is gonna be." "There's sort for blood types?" "There is, there is A, type A, type B, type AB, and type O. The only difference is what sugar molecule is added to that point. There are some studies that show that the reason that A, B, O, and AB have been distributed the way they were was because of forces that they think of primarily connected to the organism that causes malaria. It turned out to be that people who had type O were actually able to survive an attack of malaria. It appeared that malaria organism was more readily able to attach to red cells that were type A or type B, and actually kill those patients before they have a chance to reproduce. Those people who had type O actually would get sick, but wouldn't die, and had an opportunity to reproduce, and that's how the gene goes forward. And then, if you look at a map of where malaria is now and where the different peoples are, you can see that the type O was followed, there is where there's malaria, A and B has gone to colder climates where malaria wasn't a problem, and then AB was just, you know, combination of the races."
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