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Traffic Jams

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For the first time Japanese researchers have [blank] a real-life experiment that shows how some traffic jams appear for no apparent reason. They placed 22 vehicles on a single track and asked the drivers to [blank] around at a constant speed of 30 kilometres an hour. At first traffic moved [blank] but soon the distance between cars started to vary and vehicles clumped together at one point on the track. But the jams [blank] backwards around the track like a shock wave at a rate of about 20 kilometres an hour. Real-life jams move backwards at about the same speed.

Sample Answer & Audio Transcript

For the first time Japanese researchers have conducted a real-life experiment that shows how some traffic jams appear for no apparent reason. They placed 22 vehicles on a single track and asked the drivers to cruise around at a constant speed of 30 kilometres an hour. At first traffic moved smoothly but soon the distance between cars started to vary and vehicles clumped together at one point on the track. But the jams spread backwards around the track like a shock wave at a rate of about 20 kilometres an hour. Real-life jams move backwards at about the same speed.
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