Decline - Bees

The decline of honeybee populations has alarmed ecologists worldwide. Bees are essential pollinators for a vast array of crops, and their decline threatens global food security. Causes of this phenomenon, often termed Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), are multifaceted. Pesticide exposure, particularly to neonicotinoids, weakens bees' immune systems. Habitat loss due to urbanization and monoculture agriculture reduces their food sources. Additionally, the Varroa mite, a parasite, spreads devastating viruses among bee colonies. Addressing this crisis requires a holistic approach, including stricter pesticide regulations and habitat restoration efforts. Which of the following factors contribute to the decline of honeybee populations?