Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize in [chemistry:physics] goes to three men who [revolutionized:transformed] molecular life science, Japan's Osamu Shimomura and Americans Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien. They develop tools to light up and see individual [proteins:vitamins] inside living cells. These tiny molecular flashlights make it possible to study [numerous:curious] events that take place in cells and whole organisms that were previously invisible-such as the development of nerve cells or the spread of cancer cells. In 1962 Shimomura, now [emeritus:assiduousness] professor at the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, discovered that jellyfish produce a green [fluorescent:insufficient] protein, GFP, that glows when exposed to ultraviolet light. Some 30 years later, Columbia University's Chalfie showed that the GFP gene could be put into any [organism:mechanism] .